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Chapter 30: Definite Articles

πŸ“ Introduction​

In German, definite articles (bestimmte Artikel) are the equivalent of β€œthe” in English. They change form depending on the gender of the noun and the grammatical case (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive).


πŸ“š Overview of Definite Articles​

GenderNominativeAccusativeDativeGenitive
Masculinederdendemdes
Femininediediederder
Neuterdasdasdemdes
Plural (all)diediedender

This table shows the four grammatical cases, but for A1.1 level, we will focus mainly on:

  • Nominative: Subject of the sentence
  • Accusative: Direct object of the sentence

🧠 What are Articles?​

German nouns always need an article. English: the book German: das Buch

There are two main types:

  • Definite articles (bestimmte Artikel) β†’ "the"
  • Indefinite articles (unbestimmte Artikel) β†’ "a/an" (e.g., ein/eine)

🟦 Nominative Case: The Subject of the Sentence​

GenderArticleExampleEnglish Translation
Masculinederder Mannthe man
Femininediedie Frauthe woman
Neuterdasdas Kindthe child
Pluraldiedie BΓΌcherthe books

πŸ“Œ Examples:

  • Der Hund ist laut. β†’ The dog is loud.
  • Die Lampe ist schΓΆn. β†’ The lamp is beautiful.
  • Das Auto ist neu. β†’ The car is new.
  • Die Kinder spielen. β†’ The children are playing.

πŸŸ₯ Accusative Case: The Direct Object​

Only masculine article changes in accusative:

GenderNominativeAccusativeExample
MasculinederdenIch sehe den Mann.
FemininediedieIch sehe die Frau.
NeuterdasdasIch sehe das Haus.
PluraldiedieIch sehe die Autos.

πŸ“Œ Examples:

  • Ich habe den Stuhl gekauft. β†’ I bought the chair.
  • Sie kennt die Frau. β†’ She knows the woman.
  • Er sieht das Kind. β†’ He sees the child.
  • Wir lieben die Hunde. β†’ We love the dogs.

πŸ” Summary Chart (A1.1 Focus: Nominative & Accusative)​

GenderNominativeAccusative
Masculinederden
Femininediedie
Neuterdasdas
Pluraldiedie

🧾 List of Common Nouns with Articles​

German NounGenderArticle (Nom.)English
der TischMasculinederthe table
die LampeFemininediethe lamp
das AutoNeuterdasthe car
die BΓΌcherPluraldiethe books
der StuhlMasculinederthe chair
die UhrFemininediethe clock
das FensterNeuterdasthe window
die HundePluraldiethe dogs

✍️ Grammar Rules to Remember​

βœ… Articles must match the gender of the noun. βœ… Masculine articles change to 'den' in the accusative. βœ… Plural is always 'die' in both nominative and accusative.


🧠 Exercises​

1. Fill in the blanks (Use correct definite article):​

  1. ______ Tisch ist alt.
  2. Ich sehe ______ Lampe.
  3. ______ Auto ist neu.
  4. Wir kaufen ______ BΓΌcher.
  5. Ich liebe ______ Mann.

🟩 Answers:

  1. Der
  2. die
  3. Das
  4. die
  5. den

2. Match the article to the noun:​

NounArticle
Frau?
Kind?
MΓ€nner?
Stuhl?

🟩 Answers:

  • die Frau
  • das Kind
  • die MΓ€nner
  • der Stuhl

πŸ–ΌοΈ Visual Chart (Definite Articles)​

+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| | Nominativ | Akkusativ |
+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| der Mann | der | den |
| die Frau | die | die |
| das Kind | das | das |
| die BΓΌcher | die | die |
+--------------+-----------+-----------+

πŸ“„ Printable Summary Sheet (for Study & Revision)​

NOMINATIVE:

  • der (m) der Tisch
  • die (f) die Lampe
  • das (n) das Auto
  • die (pl) die BΓΌcher

ACCUSATIVE:

  • den (m) Ich sehe den Tisch.
  • die (f) Ich sehe die Lampe.
  • das (n) Ich sehe das Auto.
  • die (pl) Ich sehe die BΓΌcher.

KEY VOCAB:

  • der Hund = the dog
  • die Frau = the woman
  • das Kind = the child
  • die Katzen = the cats

RULES:

  • Masculine article becomes 'den' in accusative.
  • Feminine, neuter, and plural remain 'die' or 'das' in accusative.

TIPS:

  • Always learn a noun with its article!
  • Use flashcards with color codes (blue = m, red = f, green = n, yellow = pl)

πŸ“š Final Practice: Mini Quiz (Self-Check)​

Translate into German:

  1. The man is tall.
  2. I see the woman.
  3. The car is expensive.
  4. We love the children.

🟩 Answers:

  1. Der Mann ist groß.
  2. Ich sehe die Frau.
  3. Das Auto ist teuer.
  4. Wir lieben die Kinder.